Encounter

President Reagan and Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid held a four-hour border summit in Mexicali, Mexico on January 4th. The main topics of discussion were the economic problems faced by Mexico, including its foreign debt and inflation rate, as well as the issue of drug trafficking. Both leaders expressed a desire to strengthen the business, trade, and financial ties between their countries. The summit was seen as a positive indication of the healthy and respectful relationship between the two nations. The city of Mexicali was spruced up for the occasion, and Reagan praised Mexico for its commitment to fighting drug trafficking and expressed sympathy for the aftermath of the recent earthquake in Mexico City.

Institutional Implications:

The border summit between President Reagan and Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid signifies a strategic shift in the institutional relationship between the United States and Mexico. The focus on economic issues, particularly Mexico's foreign debt and inflation rate, indicates a mutual recognition of the interconnectedness of their economies and a willingness to collaborate on solutions. This could potentially lead to policy changes or new institutional mechanisms to manage these economic challenges.

The emphasis on drug trafficking also suggests a shared commitment to addressing this transnational issue, which has significant implications for law enforcement and judicial institutions in both countries. The expressed desire to strengthen business, trade, and financial ties could lead to the development of new institutional frameworks or the strengthening of existing ones to facilitate these ties.

The positive tone of the summit and the mutual respect shown by both leaders could also have broader implications for diplomatic relations between the two countries. This could potentially influence the dynamics of other institutional relationships, such as those within the context of regional bodies like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or the Organization of American States (OAS).

The sprucing up of Mexicali for the occasion and Reagan's praise for Mexico's commitment to fighting drug trafficking and sympathy for the earthquake aftermath, while symbolic, also have institutional implications. They reflect a recognition of the importance of public diplomacy and soft power in international relations, which could influence future interactions between the two countries and their respective publics.

Overall, the summit suggests a deepening of institutional ties between the United States and Mexico, with potential implications for a range of policy areas and institutional relationships.

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Encounter

President George Bush welcomes President and Mrs. Salinas to the White House on October 4th, expressing gratitude for Mexico's kindness and highlighting the strong ties between the two countries. He emphasizes the importance of trust, respect, and communication in the bilateral relationship, and calls for increased trade, economic growth, and cooperation. President Salinas reciprocates the sentiment, praising President Bush's leadership and expressing his intention to establish a new friendship based on shared ideals and mutual respect. He discusses Mexico's efforts to modernize the country, combat drug trafficking, and protect the environment. Both presidents toast to the strength of Mexico and the United States and the beginning of a new friendship.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between President George Bush and President Salinas at the White House signifies a strengthening of diplomatic ties between the United States and Mexico. This event has several institutional implications, particularly in the areas of trade, economic growth, and cooperation.

Firstly, the emphasis on increased trade suggests a potential shift in economic policies, possibly leading to the creation of new trade agreements or the strengthening of existing ones. This could have significant implications for businesses and industries in both countries, potentially opening up new markets and opportunities.

Secondly, the call for economic growth indicates a shared commitment to improving the economic conditions in both countries. This could lead to increased investment, job creation, and overall economic development. It also suggests a potential focus on policies that promote economic stability and growth.

Thirdly, the focus on cooperation implies a commitment to working together on shared challenges and goals. This could lead to joint initiatives or policies in areas such as drug trafficking and environmental protection. Such cooperation could enhance the effectiveness of efforts in these areas, leading to improved outcomes.

The mutual expressions of respect and shared ideals also suggest a strengthening of diplomatic relations, which could have broader implications for international relations and global politics. This new friendship could lead to a more unified front on international issues, potentially influencing global policies and negotiations.

Overall, this event signals a potential shift in the institutional relationship between the United States and Mexico, with implications for economic, social, and political institutions in both countries.

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Encounter

In 1994, Former U.S. President Clinton convened the 1st Summit of the Americas with the goal of promoting economic growth and prosperity throughout the Americas based on shared democratic values and the promise of increased trade and commerce to improve the quality of life for all peoples. The Summit has taken place approximately once every three years since it first took place, and is the only meeting of all leaders from the countries of North, South, and Central America and the Caribbean.

Institutional Implications:

The establishment of the Summit of the Americas in 1994 by former U.S. President Clinton has significant institutional implications for the countries of North, South, and Central America and the Caribbean. Firstly, it underscores the importance of regional cooperation and integration in promoting economic growth and prosperity. This implies that institutions within these countries need to align their policies and strategies to foster regional integration and cooperation.

Secondly, the Summit's focus on shared democratic values suggests an institutional commitment to democratic governance across the region. This implies that institutions in these countries are expected to uphold democratic principles and practices, which can influence their governance structures, decision-making processes, and overall functioning.

Thirdly, the emphasis on increased trade and commerce to improve the quality of life for all peoples indicates an institutional shift towards more open and liberalized economies. This suggests that institutions in these countries need to adapt to the demands of a more open and competitive economic environment, which can have implications for their policy-making, regulatory frameworks, and capacity-building efforts.

Lastly, the regularity of the Summit, approximately once every three years, implies a sustained institutional engagement and dialogue among the countries of the region. This suggests that institutions in these countries need to maintain a consistent focus on the Summit's goals and objectives, which can influence their planning, prioritization, and resource allocation processes.

Overall, the Summit of the Americas has significant implications for the institutional landscape of the Americas, influencing the way institutions operate, interact, and evolve over time.

Encounter

President Clinton welcomed President Zedillo to the White House on October 10th, expressing condolences for a recent earthquake in Mexico. The two leaders discussed the strengthening partnership between the US and Mexico, with Clinton highlighting the potential for economic growth, job creation, and mutual support in combating drugs, crime, and pollution. Clinton also praised Zedillo's leadership during Mexico's financial crisis and the country's early repayment of $700 million in financial support. The leaders also discussed the North American Free Trade Agreement, drug trafficking, and immigration.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between President Clinton and President Zedillo at the White House signifies a strengthening of diplomatic ties between the US and Mexico, which could have far-reaching implications for both nations. The discussion on economic growth and job creation suggests a potential for increased bilateral trade and investment, which could stimulate economic development in both countries. The mutual support in combating drugs, crime, and pollution indicates a shared commitment to addressing these transnational issues, which could lead to enhanced cooperation between the respective law enforcement and environmental agencies.

Clinton's praise for Zedillo's leadership during Mexico's financial crisis and the early repayment of financial support implies a recognition of Mexico's economic resilience and fiscal responsibility. This could potentially enhance Mexico's credibility in international financial markets and institutions. The discussion on the North American Free Trade Agreement, drug trafficking, and immigration suggests that these issues are central to the bilateral relationship. The outcomes of these discussions could influence policies and practices in areas such as trade, border security, and migration, affecting not only the two countries but also the broader North American region.

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Diplomatic Encounters and Joint Statements

Convocation is a program organized by the U.S.-Mexico Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson Center's Mexico Institute to foster dialogue between former Ambassadors of the United States and Mexico. The program spans four days and covers various topics, such as the alignment of North American economies, workforce development, and public security. The objective is to enhance the bilateral relationship between the two countries by generating valuable ideas and discussions.

Institutional Implications: The Convocation program brings together former Ambassadors of the United States and Mexico and facilitates dialogue on important topics, the program creates a platform for exchanging ideas and developing strategies to enhance the bilateral relationship. This institutional collaboration fosters a deeper understanding and cooperation between the two countries, ultimately leading to improved diplomatic ties and potential policy changes.

Convocation — US-Mexico Foundation

Statement

Mexico and the United States began their diplomatic relationship on December 12th, 1822. The Mexico-United States bilateral agenda includes issues in the political, economic, commercial, social, environmental, energy, technical, border and security fields. Bilateral relationships between both nations are multifaceted, complex and comprehensive.

Institutional Implications:

The longstanding diplomatic relationship between Mexico and the United States, established in 1822, has significant institutional implications for both nations. This relationship is not limited to a single domain but spans across various sectors including political, economic, commercial, social, environmental, energy, technical, border, and security fields.

From a political perspective, the bilateral relationship necessitates a high level of diplomatic engagement and coordination between the two countries. This implies the existence of robust institutional mechanisms for dialogue, negotiation, and conflict resolution.

Economically and commercially, the relationship suggests a deep level of interdependence, requiring institutions that can manage and regulate trade and investment flows. This interdependence also extends to the social and environmental sectors, implying the need for institutions that can address cross-border issues such as migration, environmental conservation, and climate change.

The mention of energy, technical, border, and security fields indicates the presence of shared challenges and opportunities that require cooperative institutional responses. For instance, border management and security cooperation would necessitate institutions that can effectively coordinate and implement policies in these areas.

The complexity and comprehensiveness of the Mexico-United States relationship also suggest that the institutional implications are not static but evolve over time. This necessitates institutions that are adaptable and capable of responding to changing circumstances and priorities.

In conclusion, the bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States has profound institutional implications, requiring a wide range of mechanisms for cooperation, coordination, and conflict resolution across multiple sectors.

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Encounter

On January 10th Mexican Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard led the North American Business Leaders' Summit, toge­­ther with Canadian Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, ahead of the 10th North American Leaders' Summit. The purpose was to enhance cooperation between the governmental and corporate sectors in North America and share viewpoints on intensifying the three-way economic partnership–fostering investment, hastening economic expansion, and reinforcing the stability and durability of the North American economic system.

Institutional Implications:

• The North American Business Leaders' Summit highlights the importance of collaboration between North America’s public and private sectors. This collaboration is essential for promoting investment, accelerating economic growth, and strengthening the stability and resilience of the North American economy. The event also emphasizes the need for trilateral economic cooperation, which is crucial for the region’s success.

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Encounter

The North American Leadership Summit, also known as the Three Amigos Summit, was held on January 10, 2023. President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico, President Joseph R. Biden of the U.S., and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada convened in Mexico City for the 10th North American Leaders' Summit (NALS). The three leaders jointly published a statement titled "Declaration of North America (DNA)." The report affirms the commitment of the three leaders to strengthen the region's security, prosperity, sustainability, and inclusiveness through commitments across six pillars.

These pillars are:

1. Diversity, equity, and inclusion: The leaders committed to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in their societies and economies.

2. Climate change and the environment: The leaders acknowledged the urgent need to address and protect the environment and committed to working together to achieve sustainable and resilient economies.

3. Competitiveness: The leaders recognized the importance of a competitive North American region and were committed to promoting innovation, trade, investment, and infrastructure development.

4. Migration and development: The leaders recognized the importance of safe, orderly, and regular migration and committed to working together to address the root causes of migration and promote regional development.

5. Health: The leaders committed to strengthening the region's health systems and addressing health challenges, including cooperating on pandemic preparedness and response.

6. Regional security: The leaders committed to working together to ensure a secure and stable region, including through cooperation on defense, law enforcement, and border security.

The leaders hope to create a more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient North America through coordinated action and targeted investment.

Institutional Implications:

• The North American Leadership Summit is an institutional mechanism for promoting cooperation and understanding between the leaders of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. to address shared challenges and opportunities. The summit reinforced the importance of regional cooperation and coordination in addressing issues affecting North America. The commitment to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in society and the economy is particularly significant, as it recognizes the importance of addressing systemic inequalities and promoting social justice.

• The summit also has implications for trade and investment in the region. The commitment to promoting competitiveness and innovation suggests a focus on strengthening supply chains and investing in key industries of the future.

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Encounter

On January 26th Mexico's Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard and the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Ken Salazar reaffirmed their commitment to bilateral security cooperation during a meeting under the Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health and Safe Communities. The meeting focused on strengthening coordination measures and ensuring that consular networks in both countries function well. Roberto Velasco, the Mexican Chief Officer for North America, also highlighted the expansion of Mexico's consular network in the U.S. with two new offices in Oklahoma and New Jersey.

Institutional Implications:

• The meeting highlights the importance of maintaining strong diplomatic ties between the two countries. The Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities is a crucial mechanism for promoting cooperation on issues of mutual concern, such as border security, drug trafficking, and public health.

• The commitment to strengthening coordination measures and ensuring that consular networks function well is significant given the many Mexican nationals living in the U.S. Expanding Mexico's consular network will help provide better services to Mexican nationals living in those areas.

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Encounter

On February 20th Mexico's Foreign Secretary, Marcelo Ebrard, met with a group of U.S. senators and representatives to discuss the key priorities of the bilateral agenda. The discussion touched on the progress achieved under the Bicentennial Framework and international cooperation under the Sonora Plan, which promotes cross-border infrastructure and economic development collaboration. In addition, foreign Secretary Ebrard emphasized the upcoming investments in solar energy by American corporations in Mexico, underscoring the potential benefits for both countries. He also highlighted that in 2022, trade between Mexico and the U.S. had reached an unprecedented milestone of 779.3 billion dollars.

The Mexican delegation included the head of the Criminal Investigation Agency, Felipe de Jesús Gallo, and the National Center for Planning, Analysis, and Information to Combat Crime, Edna Patricia Cepeda.

The U.S. delegation included Senator Tom Carper, Senator Maggie Hassan, Rep. Lou Correa, Rep. Dan Kildee, Rep. Don Beyer, Rep. Jerry Carl, and Counselor for Political Affairs Charles Sellers.

Institutional Implications:

• The Bicentennial Framework and the Sonora Plan are examples of institutional frameworks established to promote cooperation and collaboration between Mexico and the U.S. as a result of such collaboration.

• The focus on arms and fentanyl trafficking as a priority for Mexico's foreign policy highlights the importance of addressing transnational crime and the need for cooperation between law enforcement agencies in both countries. The presence of the Criminal Investigation Agency’s head and the National Center for Planning, Analysis, and Information to Combat Crime in the Mexican delegation underscores the importance of this issue.

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Encounter

On February 27th Mexican Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard held a meeting with Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass to discuss the positive impact of Mexican citizens on the city's social and economic development. In addition, they chaired a gathering with 50 mayors from 26 Mexican states to discuss California and Mexico’s strong family, cultural, and economic bonds. This meeting was organized as part of the Mexican Foreign Ministry's first-ever envoy to attract foreign investment to various regions of Mexico. The envoy included 17 Mexican state secretaries of economic development and representatives from 40 Mexican companies.

Institutional Implications:

• The meeting highlights the importance of diplomacy and communication between the two countries at various governmental levels. In addition, by acknowledging the contributions of Mexicans to the city's society and economy, the meeting promotes a positive image of Mexicans and their role in the U.S.

• The meeting with 50 Mexican mayors also has institutional implications as it strengthens the ties between the U.S. and Mexico at a city level. Discussing family, cultural, and economic relations promotes a sense of community and shared interests between the two regions. This can increase cooperation and collaboration in trade, tourism, and cultural exchange.

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Statement

The U.S. and Mexico have jointly announced the launch of Phase II of the Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities. The implementation of Phase II follows the North American Leaders' Summit in January, where the leaders of Mexico, Canada, and the U.S. pledged to combat the synthetic opioid epidemic in North America.

At the high-level meeting on March 9, 2023, in Mexico's National Palace, the two delegations agreed to deepen their law enforcement cooperation in combating illicit fentanyl production, trafficking of high-caliber weapons and ammunition, and transnational organized crime. They also pledged to launch a binational public health campaign to reduce drug consumption risks.

Additionally, the U.S. returned approximately $25 million in funds stolen by criminal actors to the Mexican government. This money will be used to further the goals of the Bicentennial Framework. Finally, the leaders of both countries expressed their commitment to disrupting criminal networks affecting both countries, including those responsible for the recent kidnapping of U.S. citizens in Matamoros.

Institutional Implications:

The launch of Phase II of the Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities between the U.S. and Mexico signifies a deepening of institutional cooperation between the two nations. This move is a clear response to the synthetic opioid epidemic, which was identified as a major concern at the North American Leaders' Summit. The commitment to combat illicit fentanyl production, high-caliber weapons trafficking, and transnational organized crime indicates a shared recognition of these issues as significant threats to national security and public health.

The agreement to launch a binational public health campaign also suggests an institutional shift towards a more holistic approach to drug-related issues, acknowledging the importance of public health strategies alongside law enforcement efforts. This could potentially lead to a more effective and comprehensive response to the drug crisis.

The return of stolen funds by the U.S. to the Mexican government is a significant move that not only demonstrates a commitment to justice and accountability but also strengthens the financial resources available for the implementation of the Bicentennial Framework. This act could set a precedent for future cooperation in cases of transnational financial crime.

Finally, the expressed commitment to disrupt criminal networks, including those responsible for kidnappings, indicates a shared understanding of the need for a robust and coordinated response to such threats. This could potentially lead to enhanced institutional capacities for cross-border crime prevention and response, thereby improving security for citizens in both countries.

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Encounter

On March 13, 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador met with U.S. legislators and representatives to discuss the fight against international supply chains of fentanyl and other chemical precursors. During the meeting, he emphasized the importance of working in coordination and with respect for the sovereignty of each country to strengthen productive processes and consolidate North America. The Mexican President also reaffirmed the importance of economic integration.

Mexican attendees were Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador; Secretary of Economy, Raquel Buenrostro Sánchez; the Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit, Gabriel Yorio González; and the Chief Officer for North America of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Roberto Velasco Álvarez.

From the U.S., Ambassador to Mexico Ken Salazar, as well as Democratic congressmen Terri Sewell (Alabama) and Jimmy Panetta (California), and several other public servants including Republican congress members Beth Van Duyne (Texas), Carol Miller (West Virginia), Michelle Fischbach (Minnesota), Mike Carey (Ohio), and Kelly Armstrong (North Dakota), were in attendance.

Institutional Implications:

• The attendance of high-level officials from Mexico and the U.S. highlights the importance of this issue for both countries. The Mexican President’s reaffirmation of the importance of economic integration also suggests a commitment to further cooperation and collaboration between the two countries. This could have significant implications for binational institutions like the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).

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Encounter

On March 19, 2023, a bipartisan delegation of American legislators and representatives led by Republican Senator John Cornyn from Texas visited the National Palace in Mexico City to discuss the common challenges facing both countries.

The Mexican President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, acknowledged the work being done by the Biden administration concerning migration and discussed Mexico's efforts to promote development in Central America and the Caribbean. The Mexican Foreign Secretary, Marcelo Ebrard Casaubon, shared the results of U.S. policies, highlighting the significant decrease in irregular migration from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. The Mexican Secretary of Defense, Luis Cresencio Sandoval González, presented priority projects in the border infrastructure portfolio. Furthermore, the Mexican Secretary of Security and Citizen Protection, Rosa Icela Rodríguez Velázquez, reported on Mexico's efforts to combat fentanyl. Finally, the President emphasized Mexico's commitment to working jointly with the U.S., respecting each country's sovereignty.

Institutional Implications:

• The recent high-level meeting between the U.S. delegation and the Mexican president indicates a strong commitment to maintaining a collaborative and cooperative relationship between the two countries. The Mexican president's acknowledgment of President Biden and the U.S. government's efforts to address migration is a positive sign for future bilateral cooperation.

• Furthermore, the Mexican government's investments in infrastructure projects along the U.S.-Mexico border are a welcome development for regional security and economic growth. These initiatives demonstrate a shared commitment to strengthening the ties between the two nations and enhancing the well-being of their citizens.

• In addition, the Mexican government's dedication to combating the illegal drug trade, particularly regarding fentanyl, underscores its commitment to regional security and cooperation with the U.S. The effectiveness of these efforts is a promising development and highlights the potential for ongoing collaboration on this and other critical security issues in the future.

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Encounter

On March 19th Mexican Chief Officer for North America Roberto Velasco received a delegation of U.S. congress members at the Foreign Ministry following their meeting with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador at the National Palace. During the meeting, they discussed bilateral cooperation on migration and labor mobility, with the U.S. lawmakers thanking Mexico for their work on these issues. Both sides agreed on the need to open new legal pathways for managing migration flows in an orderly, secure, humane, and regular way. They also highlighted the importance of addressing the situation of millions of undocumented immigrants who have contributed to U.S. society for decades without a solution to their migration status. The Mexican delegation included officials from the National Institute of Migration, while the U.S. delegation was composed of bipartisan senators, representatives, and embassy officials.

Institutional Implications:

• Both sides demonstrated a shared commitment to addressing these issues and finding solutions that benefit both countries by discussing bilateral cooperation on migration and labor mobility. This type of collaboration is crucial to maintaining a positive and productive relationship between the U.S. and Mexico.

• The fact that officials from the National Institute of Migration were included in the Mexican delegation suggests a high level of coordination and cooperation between different branches of the Mexican government on migration-related issues. This is an encouraging sign, indicating a holistic approach to addressing this complex issue.

• The presence of bipartisan senators, representatives, and embassy officials from the U.S. also underscores the importance of these issues for the U.S. government and its constituents. They expressed gratitude to Mexico for its work on migration and labor mobility, demonstrating a willingness to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of their Mexican counterparts.

Encounter

Presidential Climate Envoy John Kerry, embarked on his seventh trip to Mexico from March 20-22, 2023, where he met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and his cabinet. The discussions focused on addressing the climate crisis and transitioning to clean energy together. The parties engaged in extensive dialogue on the prospects of solar and wind energy projects and the steps needed to reduce emissions. Follow-up meetings were planned with both countries eager to take this partnership further.

Furthermore, the private sector's role was acknowledged as crucial in facilitating this transition. Both parties agreed that private sector investments and technological advancements are essential in providing both nations with affordable and reliable clean energy. During the discussions, both parties emphasized the urgent need to address the climate crisis. They also referred to the recent report by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which underscored the inadequacy of the world's efforts to tackle the climate crisis. Finally, the U.S. has committed to consolidating its leadership in the fight against climate change and renewable energy. By advancing this climate change agenda, both countries have the potential to effectuate better-paying jobs, investments, and a more optimistic future.

Institutional Implications:

• The discussions focused on addressing the climate crisis and transitioning to clean energy together, highlighting the importance of collaboration between the two countries. The parties acknowledged the crucial role of the private sector in facilitating this transition, emphasizing the need for private sector investments and technological advancements to provide both nations with affordable and reliable clean energy.

• The urgency of addressing the climate crisis was emphasized, with both parties referring to the recent report by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The U.S. has committed to consolidating its leadership in the fight against climate change and renewable energy, which has the potential to effectuate better-paying jobs, investments, and a more optimistic future.

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Statement

On March 29th the U.S. Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, gave a speech at the U.S.-Mexico Synthetic Drug Conference, which was held to discuss the challenges of illicit synthetic drugs. The conference was attended by public health experts, doctors, business leaders, and law enforcement officials from both countries, who discussed the shared responsibility of tackling this transnational challenge.

Blinken stated that Fentanyl, a synthetic drug, is the leading cause of death among people between 18 and 49 years old in the U.S. The U.S. and Mexican governments are working together to disrupt illicit supply chains and curb the production and distribution of legal chemicals used to make drugs and improve early warning systems to track emerging drugs before they spread through communities.

In addition, the U.S. has committed over $24 billion to strengthen public health interventions and expand access to treatment, prevention, and recovery tools. Finally, the event highlighted the importance of international cooperation in addressing this crisis, and the U.S. and Canada committed to building a new global coalition against synthetic drugs.

Institutional Implications:

The U.S.-Mexico Synthetic Drug Conference, attended by Antony Blinken, signifies a significant institutional shift towards a more collaborative and comprehensive approach to tackling the synthetic drug crisis. The involvement of various stakeholders, including public health experts, doctors, business leaders, and law enforcement officials, indicates a multi-sectoral approach, which is crucial for addressing complex transnational issues like drug trafficking and abuse.

Blinken's statement about Fentanyl being the leading cause of death among young adults in the U.S. underscores the urgency of the situation and the need for immediate institutional response. The joint efforts by the U.S. and Mexican governments to disrupt illicit supply chains and improve early warning systems demonstrate a commitment to proactive and preventive measures, rather than reactive ones. This could potentially lead to more effective strategies in curbing the spread and impact of synthetic drugs.

The U.S.'s commitment of over $24 billion to strengthen public health interventions and expand access to treatment, prevention, and recovery tools indicates a shift towards a more health-centered approach. This could potentially lead to a decrease in stigmatization and criminalization of drug users, and an increase in their access to necessary healthcare services.

The commitment to building a new global coalition against synthetic drugs with Canada highlights the recognition of this issue as a global crisis requiring international cooperation. This could potentially lead to more coordinated and effective global strategies, and a stronger international legal framework to combat the production, distribution, and abuse of synthetic drugs.

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Statement

On April 13, U.S. Homeland Security Advisor Dr. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall met with a delegation led by Mexico's Secretary of Security and Citizen Protection Rosa Icela Rodríguez at the White House. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss shared security priorities under the U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities and to explore collaborative efforts to combat fentanyl and arms trafficking.

The U.S. and Mexico pledged to continue their joint efforts to dismantle the fentanyl supply chain and combat the Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel. They agreed to develop a bilingual and binational public awareness campaign on the dangers of synthetic drugs.

Additionally, U.S. and Mexican officials committed to increasing cooperation to combat illegal firearms trafficking. The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) will utilize new Bipartisan Safer Communities Act authorities to target southbound firearms flows and work with Mexican counterparts to enhance firearms tracing. In collaboration with the ATF and Department of Homeland Security, the DOJ's Operation Southbound has made significant progress in disrupting firearms trafficking from the U.S. to Mexico.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between U.S. Homeland Security Advisor Dr. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall and Mexico's Secretary of Security and Citizen Protection Rosa Icela Rodríguez signifies a strengthening of institutional cooperation between the two nations. The focus on shared security priorities under the U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities indicates a mutual recognition of the interconnectedness of their security issues and a commitment to joint problem-solving.

The pledge to continue joint efforts against fentanyl and arms trafficking, specifically targeting the Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, implies a shared understanding of the transnational nature of these threats. The development of a bilingual and binational public awareness campaign further underscores the commitment to a cooperative approach.

The commitment to increase cooperation to combat illegal firearms trafficking, involving the DOJ, ATF, and the Department of Homeland Security, suggests an expansion of institutional collaboration. The use of new authorities under the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act to target southbound firearms flows indicates a willingness to leverage legislative tools to enhance security cooperation. The progress made by DOJ's Operation Southbound in disrupting firearms trafficking from the U.S. to Mexico demonstrates the potential effectiveness of such institutional collaboration.

Overall, these developments suggest a deepening of institutional ties and cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico in addressing shared security challenges. This could potentially lead to more effective and coordinated responses to transnational threats, benefiting both nations.

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Encounter

U.S. Southeast governors and the government of Mexico held their 7th meeting, during which significant progress was made in addressing various issues related to preserving the Mayan jungle, community development, and promoting clean energy. The collaboration between authorities and the private sector was emphasized as a crucial aspect of these efforts. The meeting aimed to tackle challenges such as security and migration, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to these complex issues.

Institutional Implications:

• The outcomes of this meeting have significant institutional implications, emphasizing public-private partnerships, community development, and clean energy. Collaboration between the government and private sector is crucial for effectively addressing environmental and social challenges. Inclusive approaches involving local communities ensure long-term success. Transitioning to clean energy requires supportive institutional changes.

Encounter

The Independent Labor Experts Board of Mexico (IMLEB) held a meeting on April 20, 2023, to discuss the progress made in implementing and complying with the labor obligations of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), including the labor reform approved in 2019. The meeting included representatives from various labor unions, academia, and the private sector.

The IMLEB is crucial in promoting a worker-centered trade policy and identifying areas of opportunity in Mexico to improve labor rights. The U.S. Congress established the IMLEB to monitor progress in Mexico and advise the Interagency Labor Committee of the USMCA, which is co-chaired by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Department of Labor.

Institutional Implications:

• This meeting demonstrates a commitment to ensuring the protection of labor rights and the enforcement of labor obligations under the USMCA. The IMLEB serves as a mechanism for monitoring progress and providing expert advice, which enhances the accountability and transparency of the labor provisions in the agreement.

The involvement of various stakeholders, including labor unions, academia, and the private sector, in the IMLEB highlights the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration in addressing labor issues. Furthermore, the IMLEB's role in identifying areas of opportunity in Mexico for improving labor rights underscores the importance of continuous assessment and improvement in labor practices. This can lead to implementing necessary reforms and establishing mechanisms to ensure compliance with labor standards.

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Encounter

Mexico's President López Obrador and U.S. Homeland Security Advisor Dr. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall met in Mexico City on May 2nd to address the migration situation. To counter human smuggling, joint actions will be increased, and efforts with Colombia and Panama will be intensified. Both countries will continue addressing the root causes of migration in Central America and expanding legal pathways. Mexico supported the United States' regional processing centers and discussed its potential contribution. The U.S. plans to welcome 100,000 individuals from Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador through family reunification parole. The successful joint initiative for individuals from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela will continue. The shared border will also be modernized, including expanding the Calexico East Land Port of Entry, benefiting both economies.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between Mexico's President López Obrador and U.S. Homeland Security Advisor Dr. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall signifies a strengthening of bilateral relations and a commitment to address the complex issue of migration collaboratively. The decision to increase joint actions against human smuggling and intensify efforts with Colombia and Panama indicates a broader regional approach to migration management. This could potentially lead to the development of more comprehensive and effective strategies, as well as increased cooperation among these countries.

The continued focus on addressing the root causes of migration in Central America suggests a long-term, sustainable approach to the issue. This could potentially lead to policy changes or initiatives aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions in these countries, thereby reducing the push factors for migration.

The support of Mexico for the United States' regional processing centers and the discussion of its potential contribution could imply a shift in Mexico's migration policy. This could potentially lead to increased responsibility and involvement of Mexico in the regional migration management.

The U.S. plan to welcome 100,000 individuals from Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador through family reunification parole indicates a humanitarian approach to migration. This could potentially influence other countries' migration policies and set a precedent for similar initiatives.

The continuation of the successful joint initiative for individuals from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela signifies a commitment to providing support and protection to migrants from these countries. This could potentially lead to the development of more targeted policies and programs for these specific migrant groups.

The modernization of the shared border, including the expansion of the Calexico East Land Port of Entry, indicates a commitment to improving the infrastructure and management of the border. This could potentially lead to increased trade and economic benefits for both countries, as well as improved border security.

Encounter - Phone Call

On May 9th President Biden and President Andres Manuel López Obrador of Mexico discussed strengthening the U.S.-Mexico bilateral relationship. They focused on the need to enhance cooperation between the two countries to manage the unprecedented migration in the region. The leaders emphasized the importance of close coordination between border authorities and strong enforcement measures to prepare for the return to full reliance on Title 8 immigration authorities at the U.S.-Mexico border. They also highlighted the value of managing migration humanely and orderly, with expanded legal pathways and consequences for irregular migration. They also expressed their commitment to addressing the root causes of migration from Central America and discussed expanding joint efforts between the two nations. President Biden committed to using all available means to address arms trafficking to Mexico. They also discussed the topic of development in the region. They agreed on the importance of promoting measures that foster equality and economic growth in both countries, generating greater well-being among their inhabitants.

Institutional Implications:

• The call emphasizes increased cooperation and coordination between U.S. and Mexican border authorities, requiring effective communication and information sharing. Managing migration humanely calls for comprehensive immigration policies prioritizing migrant well-being, potentially necessitating institutional reforms and resource allocation. Addressing the root causes of Central American migration requires institutional collaboration in identifying and tackling underlying factors like poverty and violence. This may involve joint initiatives, policy coordination, and resource-sharing. The discussion underscores the need for institutional cooperation to manage migration and strengthen the US-Mexico relationship.

Encounter

The Mexican Government Delegation, led by Dr. Laura Carrillo, Director of the Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation (AMEXCID), and Roberto Velasco, Head of the North America Unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE), visited Washington, D.C. on May 10th. The visit aimed to strengthen efforts to address the causes of migration, focusing on collaboration between Mexico and the U.S. in the southeast of Mexico and Central America. The delegation met with U.S. authorities, starting at the White House, to deepen the work through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and AMEXCID. The goal is to generate opportunities, prosperity, and hope in communities and empower people to build their future. Examples of this collaboration include implementing the Sembrando Vida Program in Honduras and El Salvador and the SURGES program in southeast Mexico, which aims to increase employment and investments while preserving the environment.

Institutional Implications:

• The strengthened collaboration between the two countries, particularly in addressing the causes of migration, highlights the importance of bilateral cooperation in finding sustainable solutions to migration challenges. The partnership between AMEXCID and USAID demonstrates the commitment to working together to generate opportunities, prosperity, and hope in the communities affected by migration. This collaboration also showcases the potential for joint initiatives, such as the Sembrando Vida Program and the SURGES program, to positively impact LINK 1employment, investments, and environmental preservation.

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Encounter

On May 12th, officials from the Mexican General Directorate of Consular Protection and Strategic Planning have traveled to Arizona, California, and Texas border cities to meet with authorities, shelters, and national and international organizations. These meetings aim to gather information and anticipate the types of protective cases that may arise once Title 42 is lifted. The General Directorate of Consular Protection and Strategic Planning will continue to update recommendations and actions as the situation at the border evolves, maintaining contact with U.S. counterparts to assist and protect the Mexican community proactively and comprehensively. The Mexican government urges its citizens not to be deceived by traffickers and to pursue legal avenues, such as applying for visas, before entering Mexico and the United States. The government reaffirms its commitment to defending all Mexican citizens' rights, interests, and well-being, regardless of their immigration status.

Institutional Implications:

• Through deploying officials to border cities and engagement with stakeholders, the government displays its commitment to safeguarding its citizens and tackling potential challenges arising from the policy change. This proactive stance acknowledges the necessity of anticipating and addressing the surge in migration and the associated risks of irregular movement. Providing accurate information to citizens is pivotal in countering misinformation propagated by criminal organizations. By establishing a hotline and offering legal assistance, the government ensures accessible support and resources for its citizens. Continued communication and coordination with U.S. counterparts underscore the importance of bilateral cooperation in addressing migration concerns.

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Statement

On June 8th, President López Obrador of Mexico and U.S. Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg met to strengthen transportation links and address Mexico's aviation safety rating downgrade. The focus was enhancing people-to-people ties and supporting North American supply chain integration. Discussions took place at Felipe Angeles International Airport (AIFA), emphasizing a commitment to its development. They aimed to promote commercial expansion at AIFA and provide flexibility for U.S. carriers to operate there. President López Obrador expressed optimism about Mexico's aviation safety rating recovery as U.S. authorities review the process. Both governments reaffirmed their commitment to the successful development of AIFA and the U.S.-Mexico Air Transport Agreement as a foundation for bilateral relationship development.

Institutional Implications:

• Strengthening transportation links and people-to-people ties necessitate cooperation among various government agencies responsible for transportation, trade, and immigration. Enhanced institutional collaboration and communication are vital to implementing the discussed approaches successfully.

The commitment to developing Felipe Angeles International Airport (AIFA) also underscores the importance of infrastructure investment and planning, requiring joint efforts from both countries' institutions. Adherence to the 2015 U.S.-Mexico Air Transport Agreement also involves regulatory compliance and dispute resolution mechanisms, necessitating regular communication and joint inspections.

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Encounter

On July 6th, U.S. and Mexican officials met in Washington to discuss trade, economic growth, and border security as part of the U.S.-Mexico high-level economic dialogue. The meetings were co-hosted by U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, and U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai. The discussions focused on making North America the most dynamic and prosperous economic region in the world, addressing the root causes of irregular migration, attracting new investment in emerging technologies, and strengthening border infrastructure and coordination. The upcoming meeting in Mexico City will prioritize addressing the illegal drug trade and the flow of guns from the U.S. to Mexico.

Institutional Implications:

By promoting collaboration and exchange of best practices between companies, investors, and public sector actors, the Convoy aims to strengthen institutional ties and foster economic development. The participation of mayors, business executives, and state representatives highlights the importance of local governments in driving economic growth and attracting investment. The initiative also emphasizes the role of the Mexican government in supporting and promoting the interests of its municipalities on an international scale. Mexican pavilions at tourism and agri-food expos showcase the institutional commitment to promoting these sectors and strengthening connectivity with international markets. Furthermore, the meetings with executives from various companies and organizations demonstrate the institutional efforts to establish partnerships and explore opportunities for collaboration.

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Encounter

On July 19th, Jessica Stern, U.S. Special Envoy to Advance the Human Rights of LGBTQI+ Persons, will be delivering a keynote address at the Conference of LGBTI Political Leaders of the Americas and the Caribbean in Mexico City. The conference aims to promote equality and democracy by sharing best practices and advocating for LGBTQI+ rights across the Western Hemisphere. In addition to her speech, Stern will also meet with LGBTQI+ political leaders and activists during her visit.

Institutional Implications:

Jessica Stern's keynote address at the Conference of LGBTI Political Leaders of the Americas and the Caribbean signifies a strong institutional commitment from the U.S. towards advancing LGBTQI+ rights. This engagement not only reinforces the U.S.'s stance on human rights but also positions it as a leading advocate for LGBTQI+ rights in the international arena.

The conference's aim to promote equality and democracy by sharing best practices and advocating for LGBTQI+ rights across the Western Hemisphere implies a growing institutional recognition of the importance of LGBTQI+ rights in the broader human rights discourse. This could potentially lead to more inclusive policies and practices within institutions across the region.

Stern's planned meetings with LGBTQI+ political leaders and activists further underscore the U.S.'s commitment to engaging with diverse stakeholders in its efforts to advance LGBTQI+ rights. This could potentially foster stronger institutional alliances and partnerships, which are crucial for effective advocacy and policy-making.

Overall, Stern's participation in the conference and her engagements with LGBTQI+ leaders and activists could have significant implications for institutional policies and practices related to LGBTQI+ rights, both within the U.S. and across the Western Hemisphere.

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Encounter and Statement

On July 22nd, Mexico and California expressed their commitment to strengthening their bilateral relationship and addressing shared challenges. The two delegations discussed proposals and progress on issues such as climate change, migration, security, and electromobility. They also emphasized the importance of comprehensive immigration reform for undocumented Mexicans in the U.S. The Chief Officer for North American Unit, Roberto Velasco, highlighted the significance of the relationship between Mexico and California and expressed gratitude for the respect shown to the Mexican community in the state. The delegations also discussed climate change challenges and the potential for economic cooperation in the CaliBaja region.

Institutional Implications:

The commitment between Mexico and California to strengthen their bilateral relationship has several institutional implications. Firstly, it signifies a shift towards a more collaborative approach in addressing shared challenges, which could potentially lead to more effective solutions. This could also set a precedent for other states and countries to follow, fostering a more cooperative international environment.

The focus on issues such as climate change, migration, security, and electromobility indicates a prioritization of these areas in policy-making. This could lead to institutional changes in both Mexico and California, as they may need to adapt their existing structures and processes to effectively address these issues. For instance, they might need to establish new departments or agencies, or allocate more resources to existing ones.

The emphasis on comprehensive immigration reform for undocumented Mexicans in the U.S. suggests a potential shift in immigration policies. This could have significant implications for institutions involved in immigration enforcement and services, as well as for the undocumented immigrants themselves.

The recognition of the importance of the relationship between Mexico and California by Roberto Velasco, the Chief Officer for North American Unit, underscores the potential for increased diplomatic and economic cooperation between the two. This could lead to institutional strengthening and capacity building, as they learn from each other's experiences and best practices.

The discussion on climate change challenges and the potential for economic cooperation in the CaliBaja region implies a move towards more sustainable and inclusive economic development. This could require institutions to adopt new strategies and approaches, and to work more closely with various stakeholders, including businesses, non-governmental organizations, and local communities.

Overall, these developments could lead to significant institutional changes and improvements, contributing to more effective governance and better outcomes for the people of Mexico and California.

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Encounter

Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Richard R. Verma will be traveling to Mexico City and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico from July 24-26. In Mexico City, he will attend the second meeting of the Trilateral Fentanyl Committee, where he will discuss coordination on combatting the synthetic drug threat, drug demand and public health, drug trafficking modes and methods, and illicit finance. He will also meet with Mexican government officials to discuss migration and expanding access to lawful pathways. In Ciudad Juárez, he will visit with migration stakeholders on both sides of the border.

Institutional Implications:

The Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Richard R. Verma's visit to Mexico City and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, carries significant institutional implications. His participation in the second meeting of the Trilateral Fentanyl Committee underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing the global synthetic drug threat. The discussions on drug demand, public health, drug trafficking modes and methods, and illicit finance will likely shape future policies and strategies, both domestically and internationally.

Moreover, his meetings with Mexican government officials to discuss migration and expanding access to lawful pathways indicate a commitment to bilateral dialogue and collaboration on these critical issues. This could potentially lead to the development of more comprehensive and effective migration policies, benefiting both countries.

His visit to Ciudad Juárez, a city known for its high migration activity, suggests a hands-on approach to understanding the realities on the ground. Engaging with migration stakeholders on both sides of the border could provide valuable insights that inform policy-making and institutional practices. This direct engagement also signals a commitment to inclusive dialogue, which could strengthen institutional relationships and trust between the two countries.

Overall, this visit could have far-reaching implications for the institutions involved, potentially leading to more effective and coordinated responses to shared challenges. It also highlights the importance of diplomacy and international cooperation in addressing complex global issues.

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Mexico Statement

On July 24th, Mexico presented oral arguments in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in its ongoing lawsuit against gun companies. Mexico argued that the U.S. law granting immunity to gunmakers and dealers does not apply to damages caused in Mexican territory. The lawsuit seeks to reverse a previous ruling that dismissed the case based on the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA). Mexico's arguments were heard by a panel of judges, and if successful, the case will return to the lower court for further judgment. The lawsuit has received support from various actors and countries.

Institutional Implications:

The ongoing lawsuit between Mexico and U.S. gun companies has significant institutional implications, particularly in terms of international law, sovereignty, and the interpretation of domestic laws in a global context. If Mexico's argument is successful, it could potentially challenge the scope and applicability of the U.S. law, specifically the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), beyond its borders. This could set a precedent for other countries to challenge U.S. laws that they believe have caused harm within their territories.

Moreover, the case could also impact the institutional relationship between Mexico and the U.S., potentially leading to diplomatic tensions. It could also influence the dynamics of international legal cooperation, as the lawsuit has received support from various actors and countries. This could lead to a broader coalition of countries challenging similar laws in the future, thereby affecting the global institutional landscape.

Furthermore, the case could have implications for the institutional practices of gun companies. If the lawsuit is successful, it could lead to increased scrutiny and potential legal challenges against these companies, forcing them to reconsider their business practices. This could also lead to changes in the regulatory environment, with potential amendments to laws like the PLCAA to address the concerns raised by Mexico and other countries.

Finally, the case could have implications for the U.S. judicial system itself. If the Court of Appeals rules in favor of Mexico, it could lead to a reevaluation of how U.S. laws are interpreted and applied, particularly in relation to foreign entities and territories. This could potentially lead to changes in legal interpretations and practices, impacting the institutional framework of the U.S. judiciary.

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Encounter

On July 24, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and senior Mexican officials hosted a U.S. delegation to discuss cooperation on various issues, including combating illicit fentanyl, arms trafficking, managing migration, and modernizing the shared border. The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to joint efforts in combating drug traffickers, disrupting the supply of chemicals used for illicit fentanyl, and preventing the trafficking of narcotics across the border. They also discussed regional migration and committed to expanding legal pathways and joint development work in Central America. Additionally, they pledged to continue modernizing infrastructure projects that benefit both nations and strengthen bilateral relations.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and the U.S. delegation signifies a strengthening of institutional cooperation between the two nations. The commitment to jointly combat drug trafficking and disrupt the supply of chemicals used for illicit fentanyl production implies a deepening of cross-border law enforcement collaboration. This could potentially lead to the development of more robust institutional mechanisms for intelligence sharing, joint operations, and policy coordination.

The discussion on managing migration and expanding legal pathways suggests a shift towards a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to migration management. This could have significant implications for immigration institutions in both countries, necessitating policy adjustments, resource allocation, and potentially new structures for cooperation.

The commitment to joint development work in Central America indicates a shared recognition of the need to address the root causes of migration. This could lead to the establishment of new institutional partnerships and frameworks for development cooperation in the region.

Lastly, the pledge to continue modernizing infrastructure projects that benefit both nations suggests an institutional commitment to long-term, strategic bilateral relations. This could result in the creation of joint committees or bodies to oversee these projects, fostering a more integrated approach to border management and economic cooperation. This institutional collaboration could also extend to other areas of mutual interest, further solidifying the bilateral relationship.

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Statement

On July 25, 2023, Mexico's Secretary of Security hosted a virtual meeting with U.S. Homeland Security Advisor and Canada's National Security and Intelligence Advisor to discuss the Trilateral Fentanyl Committee's efforts to combat the trafficking of synthetic drugs. The three co-chairs reaffirmed their commitment to jointly confront the issue and discussed steps such as prosecuting drug traffickers, targeting precursor chemicals, preventing drug trafficking across borders, and promoting public health services. They also agreed to create an expert working group and an agile mechanism to share emerging drug trends. The three countries will present progress at the next meeting of the Global Coalition to Address Synthetic Drug Threats.

Institutional Implications:

The virtual meeting held by Mexico's Secretary of Security, U.S. Homeland Security Advisor, and Canada's National Security and Intelligence Advisor signifies a significant institutional commitment to combat the trafficking of synthetic drugs. The formation of the Trilateral Fentanyl Committee and the reaffirmation of their joint efforts indicate a strategic alignment of these three nations' security and intelligence agencies.

The decision to prosecute drug traffickers, target precursor chemicals, prevent drug trafficking across borders, and promote public health services suggests a comprehensive approach to the issue. This implies a shift from a purely punitive approach to a more holistic one that includes prevention and public health measures. This could potentially lead to a change in institutional practices and policies across law enforcement, judiciary, and health sectors in these countries.

The agreement to create an expert working group and an agile mechanism to share emerging drug trends indicates an institutional recognition of the need for continuous learning, adaptation, and collaboration. This could lead to the development of more effective, evidence-based strategies and policies to combat synthetic drug trafficking.

The commitment to present progress at the next meeting of the Global Coalition to Address Synthetic Drug Threats suggests an institutional accountability mechanism. This could enhance transparency, foster mutual learning, and strengthen international cooperation in addressing this global challenge.

Overall, these developments could have profound implications for the institutional landscape of drug control in these three countries and beyond. They could potentially lead to more effective, integrated, and humane approaches to addressing the synthetic drug problem.

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Statement

On July 28th, the United States is announcing its support for an international multipurpose space in southern Mexico, which will provide new refugee and labor options for vulnerable individuals currently in Mexico. The US also commits to accepting refugee resettlement referrals from qualified individuals from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela who are already in Mexico. This is part of a series of successful legal pathways initiatives agreed upon by President Biden and President Lopez Obrador. The cooperation between the US and Mexico aims to manage the shared border in a humane and orderly manner, emphasizing the importance of legal pathways and discouraging illegal entry.

Institutional Implications:

The US's support for an international multipurpose space in southern Mexico signifies a shift in its institutional approach towards managing migration and refugee issues. This move indicates a more collaborative and humane approach to border management, which contrasts with previous policies that were more focused on deterrence and enforcement.

The commitment to accept refugee resettlement referrals from specific Latin American countries also suggests a more inclusive and proactive stance towards addressing the root causes of migration. This could potentially lead to a reevaluation of the US's foreign policy towards these countries, with a greater emphasis on addressing the socio-economic and political issues that drive people to migrate.

Furthermore, this initiative could have significant implications for the institutional relationship between the US and Mexico. The collaboration suggests a strengthening of bilateral ties and a shared commitment to managing migration in a humane and orderly manner. This could lead to further cooperation in other areas, such as trade and security, and could potentially reshape the dynamics of the US-Mexico relationship.

Finally, the emphasis on legal pathways could have implications for the US's domestic institutions. It could lead to reforms in the immigration system to make it more accessible and efficient, and could also influence public discourse and attitudes towards immigration. This could potentially lead to a more inclusive and welcoming society, which would have far-reaching implications for the country's social and economic fabric.

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Encounter

Officials from the Governments of Mexico and the United States met on August 7th, to reaffirm their commitment to implementing comprehensive border sanitation projects in the Tijuana-San Diego region. These projects, carried out under the International Boundary and Water Commission, aim to improve water quality and prevent wastewater spills that affect the Tijuana River and Pacific Ocean beaches. The projects include the expansion of wastewater treatment plants, rehabilitation of sewage lines, and pumping plant upgrades. Both countries expressed their dedication to collaboration and delivering concrete results for the benefit of their societies.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between the Governments of Mexico and the United States to reaffirm their commitment to border sanitation projects in the Tijuana-San Diego region has significant institutional implications. Firstly, it underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing environmental issues that cross national boundaries. The collaboration between the two countries, facilitated by the International Boundary and Water Commission, is a testament to the effectiveness of international institutions in coordinating efforts to tackle shared problems.

Secondly, the commitment to these projects indicates a prioritization of environmental sustainability within the institutional frameworks of both countries. The focus on improving water quality and preventing wastewater spills reflects a recognition of the environmental and public health implications of poor sanitation. This could potentially lead to a shift in policy focus towards more sustainable practices in other sectors as well.

Thirdly, the projects also imply an institutional capacity for large-scale infrastructure development. The expansion of wastewater treatment plants, rehabilitation of sewage lines, and pumping plant upgrades require significant planning, resources, and execution capabilities. This suggests that both countries have, or are developing, the necessary institutional structures to manage such complex projects.

Lastly, the dedication to delivering concrete results for the benefit of their societies indicates an institutional accountability towards their citizens. This could strengthen public trust in these institutions and their ability to address environmental challenges effectively. It also sets a precedent for future collaborations between the two countries on similar issues.

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Encounter

On August 10, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan met with Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alicia Bárcena Ibarra and Mexican officials at the White House. They discussed various issues including migration, border enforcement, arms trafficking, and drug flow. They also talked about establishing a multipurpose space in southern Mexico for refugees and labor pathways. The situation in Venezuela and Haiti was also discussed, with the US expressing willingness to alleviate sanctions in response to free and fair elections. Additionally, they discussed promoting inclusive prosperity in North America and mobilizing financing from the World Bank.

Institutional Implications:

The meeting between National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan and Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alicia Bárcena Ibarra signifies a strengthening of diplomatic ties and cooperation between the US and Mexico. The discussion on migration and border enforcement indicates a mutual commitment to addressing these issues, which have been a source of tension in the past. The proposal to establish a multipurpose space in southern Mexico for refugees and labor pathways suggests a shift towards a more humanitarian approach to migration, which could potentially influence other countries' policies.

The discussion on arms trafficking and drug flow implies a shared responsibility and commitment to combat these transnational crimes. This could lead to increased cooperation between law enforcement agencies of both countries, potentially impacting the institutional structures and operations of these agencies.

The US's willingness to alleviate sanctions on Venezuela and Haiti in response to free and fair elections indicates a strategic use of sanctions as a tool for promoting democracy. This could have implications for the US's relations with other countries and its role in international institutions like the United Nations.

The focus on promoting inclusive prosperity in North America and mobilizing financing from the World Bank suggests a broader economic strategy that goes beyond bilateral relations. This could potentially influence the policies of international financial institutions and impact the economic dynamics in the region. Overall, this meeting indicates a multifaceted approach to US-Mexico relations, with potential implications for various institutions at the national and international level.

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Encounter

On September 28th, Mexican and U.S. business leaders, along with government officials, gathered at the 13th U.S.-Mexico CEO Dialogue to discuss ways to enhance economic growth, competitiveness, trade, and investment between the two countries. The event, held on September 28, included the participation of high-ranking officials from both nations and executives from various companies. The CEOs called for measures such as ensuring compliance with the USMCA, improving the business climate, promoting cross-border trade, investing in clean energy, and expanding connectivity and financial inclusion. They emphasized the importance of bilateral cooperation and dialogue to attract near-shoring and enhance regional economic integration.

Institutional Implications:

The 13th U.S.-Mexico CEO Dialogue signifies a significant institutional commitment to fostering economic growth and competitiveness between the two nations. The involvement of high-ranking officials and business leaders from both countries underscores the importance of this bilateral relationship and the potential for mutual economic benefits.

The call for measures such as compliance with the USMCA, improving the business climate, and promoting cross-border trade indicates a shared institutional agenda. This suggests that both nations are willing to work within established trade agreements and regulatory frameworks to achieve their economic goals.

The emphasis on investing in clean energy and expanding connectivity and financial inclusion also points to a broader institutional shift towards sustainable and inclusive economic practices. This could have far-reaching implications for policy-making and regulatory frameworks in both countries, potentially leading to the creation of new institutions or the transformation of existing ones to accommodate these priorities.

Furthermore, the emphasis on bilateral cooperation and dialogue to attract nearshoring and enhance regional economic integration suggests a strategic institutional approach to leveraging geographical proximity and shared economic interests. This could lead to the strengthening of regional institutions and mechanisms to facilitate economic cooperation and integration.

Overall, the dialogue reflects a strong institutional commitment to economic cooperation between Mexico and the U.S., with potential implications for trade policy, regulatory frameworks, and the role of business in shaping economic relations. It also highlights the potential for institutional innovation in response to shared economic challenges and opportunities.

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Statement

On October 13th, the U.S. and Mexico have reaffirmed their partnership to enhance security cooperation in the 21st century through the U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities. The framework aims to combat illicit drug trafficking, human trafficking, and transnational organized crime. It also seeks to address irregular migration and disrupt criminal organizations. The two countries have made progress through the framework, developing plans and actions to protect their people and prevent transborder crime. They have also honored those who have lost their lives in the pursuit of peace and justice.

Institutional Implications:

The U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities is a significant institutional development that has profound implications for the binational relationship between the two countries. The framework not only reaffirms the partnership but also redefines the security cooperation in the 21st century.

The institutionalization of this framework implies a shared commitment to combatting serious transnational crimes such as illicit drug trafficking, human trafficking, and organized crime. This shared commitment is indicative of a mutual recognition of the gravity of these issues and the need for a coordinated response.

The framework also implies a shift in the approach to irregular migration, moving from a purely security-focused perspective to one that also considers public health and community safety. This could potentially lead to more comprehensive and humane migration policies, which could in turn improve the binational relationship.

The progress made through the framework, including the development of plans and actions to protect their people and prevent transborder crime, suggests an increased level of institutional cooperation and coordination. This could enhance the effectiveness of the response to these issues and contribute to the strengthening of the binational relationship.

Finally, the honoring of those who have lost their lives in the pursuit of peace and justice implies a shared value system and a mutual respect for human rights. This could foster a deeper level of trust and understanding between the two countries, which is crucial for the sustainability of the binational relationship.

In conclusion, the U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities has significant institutional implications that could potentially enhance the binational relationship in various ways. However, the success of this framework will largely depend on the commitment and willingness of both countries to implement the plans and actions developed under it.

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Encounter

On October 24th, the Mexican Government and the Utah State Government have announced a strategic collaboration program to promote economic growth, job creation, and knowledge and technology exchange. The Joint Utah-Mexico Partnership (JUMP) aims to encourage Mexican companies to expand into Utah and vice versa. The initiative is expected to strengthen trade and cooperation between the two countries. Trade between Mexico and Utah currently supports over 51,000 jobs, and the agreement could extend benefits to neighboring states.

Institutional Implications:

The establishment of the Joint Utah-Mexico Partnership (JUMP) signifies a significant shift in the institutional dynamics between the Mexican Government and the Utah State Government. This strategic collaboration program is not just a bilateral agreement, but a transformative initiative that could redefine the economic and technological landscape of both regions.

From an institutional perspective, this partnership could lead to the creation of new regulatory frameworks and policies that facilitate cross-border trade and investment. The governments may need to streamline their bureaucratic processes, harmonize their standards, and ensure the protection of intellectual property rights to create a conducive environment for businesses. This could potentially lead to institutional reforms, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration in both regions.

Moreover, the partnership could also influence the institutional capacity of both governments to promote economic growth and job creation. By encouraging Mexican companies to expand into Utah and vice versa, the governments are not only fostering a competitive business environment but also enhancing their capacity to generate employment and stimulate economic activity. This could lead to the development of new institutional mechanisms for job creation and economic development.

Furthermore, the knowledge and technology exchange aspect of the partnership could have profound implications for the institutional capacity of both regions in terms of innovation and technological advancement. This could lead to the establishment of new research and development institutions, the strengthening of existing ones, and the creation of policies that promote innovation and technology transfer.

Lastly, the partnership could also have ripple effects on neighboring states, leading to the development of new regional institutional frameworks that promote economic integration and cooperation. This could potentially transform the institutional landscape of the entire region, fostering a more integrated and cooperative regional economy.

In conclusion, the Joint Utah-Mexico Partnership (JUMP) could have far-reaching institutional implications, potentially leading to significant institutional reforms and capacity development in both regions. It could also influence the regional institutional dynamics, fostering greater economic integration and cooperation.

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Encounter

The 21st Mexico-U.S. Consular Dialogue discussed the exchange of good consular practices, bilateral cooperation for protecting vulnerable children, and providing documentation and protection services to nationals of both countries. The dialogue aimed to strengthen ties between both countries for the benefit of their citizens. The Mexican delegation was led by Vanessa Calva Ruiz, and the U.S. delegation was led by Rena Bitter. The Mexican government praised the cooperation with the U.S. in implementing consular actions.

Institutional Implications:

The 21st Mexico-U.S. Consular Dialogue signifies a significant step in the institutional relationship between the two countries. The focus on the exchange of good consular practices indicates a mutual recognition of the importance of effective and efficient consular services, which are crucial for the protection of citizens abroad. This mutual recognition can lead to the development of shared standards and practices, enhancing the quality of consular services provided by both countries.

The bilateral cooperation for protecting vulnerable children is a clear demonstration of the shared values and priorities between the two nations. This cooperation can lead to the establishment of joint initiatives and programs, which can have a profound impact on the welfare of vulnerable children in both countries. It also signifies a commitment to human rights and child protection, which can strengthen the international standing of both countries.

The provision of documentation and protection services to nationals of both countries is a practical manifestation of the commitment to the welfare of their citizens. This can lead to the development of streamlined processes and systems for the provision of these services, reducing bureaucratic hurdles and enhancing the experience of citizens. It can also lead to increased trust and confidence in the consular services of both countries.

The leadership of the dialogue by Vanessa Calva Ruiz and Rena Bitter signifies the importance of the dialogue at the highest levels of government. This can lead to the institutionalization of the dialogue, ensuring its continuity and effectiveness.

The praise by the Mexican government of the cooperation with the U.S. in implementing consular actions is a positive sign of the strength of the relationship. This can lead to increased cooperation in other areas, strengthening the overall binational relationship. It can also lead to increased goodwill and understanding between the two countries, which can have positive implications for the resolution of any potential disputes or disagreements.

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Encounter

On November 5th, Foreign Secretary Alicia Bárcena represented Mexico's President Andrés Manuel López Obrador at the first Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity (APEP) summit in Washington, D.C. Bárcena called for a partnership between public and private sectors in Latin America and the Caribbean, promoting near-shoring and re-shoring to boost the region's economy. She also urged the Inter-American Development Bank and the North American Development Bank to invest in border infrastructure. Bárcena met with U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and other leaders to discuss economic growth challenges.

Institutional Implications:

The participation of Mexico's Foreign Secretary Alicia Bárcena in the APEP summit signifies the country's commitment to fostering economic prosperity in the Americas. Her call for a partnership between public and private sectors in Latin America and the Caribbean indicates a strategic shift towards collaborative efforts in economic development. This approach could potentially lead to a more integrated regional economy, with institutions playing a crucial role in facilitating this integration.

Bárcena's emphasis on nearshoring and reshoring suggests a potential reorientation of the region's economic policies towards domestic and regional production. This could have significant implications for the institutional frameworks governing trade and investment in the region, necessitating adjustments to accommodate these shifts.

Her urging of the Inter-American Development Bank and the North American Development Bank to invest in border infrastructure indicates an understanding of the critical role these institutions play in regional development. Such investments could enhance connectivity, facilitate trade, and stimulate economic growth, but would require these institutions to prioritize such projects within their funding strategies.

The meeting with U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and other leaders underscores the importance of high-level dialogues in addressing economic growth challenges. It suggests a recognition of the need for institutional cooperation and coordination at the highest levels to effectively address these challenges. This could potentially lead to a more coordinated policy approach among the countries in the region, with institutions playing a key role in facilitating this coordination.

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